Jeans/Denim pents/trousers seem first resistance to Snake bites

Narrated and Coated  "When I was a medical student, I served a summer externship in 1975 with the Indian Health Service at Fort Belknap in Harlem, Montana. On some hot summer evenings, I went fishing at a place the locals called "Snake Lake," which was loaded with cutthroat trout, and surrounded by rocky outcroppings that were home to scores of rattlesnakes. I was advised to stay away from the rocks, and to always wear long pants.

In the December, 2009 issue of the Annals of Emergency Medicine (Ann Emerg Med 2009;54:830-836), there appeared an article reporting a study by Shelton Herbert, PhD and William Hayes, PhD entitled "Denim Clothing Reduces Venom Expenditure by Rattlesnakes Striking Defensively at Model Human Limbs." The purpose of the study was to determine whether ordinary clothing (denim material from blue jeans) interferes with the kinematics of venom delivery, thereby reducing the amount of venom injected by a typical snake into a (model) human limb.

Resist Printing

SUBJ-17:

Resist Printing

Chemicals:

Dye (1. MCT Range Dye for ground print, 2. VS Range Dye for Over print), Urea, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Sulfite, Alginate Thickener.

Purpose:

Resist printing is a special effect like Discharge printing. As name suggests resist mean TO STOP. Background of fabric in this technique is colored with a dye having MCT (Mono chloro Triazine) Chemistry. Dyes having this chemistry is more stable to reducing agents like Sodium sulfite which is main player in resist printing. So, Ground printing paste has dye, thickener, mild oxidizing agent, Sodium sulfite. While Over print(Full Bloch) dyes are chosen from VS (Vinyl Sulfone) Range. These dyes are unstable to reducing agents like Sodium sulfite

Consequntly a Ground printed portion (usually design/pattern)have sulfite and will eat up all Over color (Full Bloch) on that region. So, over print will only survive those regions which don’t have ground printed. Through this mechanism we can achieve versatile designs and patterns.

Difference Between Discharge and Resist Printing:

Sometime People may confuse Discharge and Resist Printing. Both are two different methods and have versatile useage in textile industry. Results are amazing and adimreable with very low economy (No extra screens, No high class machinery, No special chemicals).

Discharge:

Ground color is eaten up/Destroyed chemically with Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate normally called Rangolit C.

Resist:

Over color is eaten up/Destroyed chemically through Soium Sulfite.

Denim Discharge or Jeam Discharge

SUBJ-10:

Indigo Discharge, Vat Discharge, Denim Discharge or Jeam Discharge all in one.

Chemicals:

Potassium permanganate (Oxidizing agent), Sodium bisulfite (Reducing agent), Acetic Acid (Conc), Special Thickener, Soap (Polyglycolether, Nonionic).

Process:

Purpose is to discharge Blue or Black color Denim through Oxidation reaction of Potassium permanganate in acidic pH and than Reduction through Sodium Bisulfite again in acid pH. Finally soaping.

Recipe:

Stock paste:

Special Thickerner                35g/Kg

Potassium permanganate         40g/Kg

Acetic Acid                             10g/Kg

Water                                      Balance

Total                                       1 Kg

Processing Steps Involved:

¯  Print and Dry at 100-120C.

¯  Washing off in a reduction for fifteen minutes at 70C, bath containing

1.      Sodium Bisulfite         10g/L

2.      Acetic Acid                 0.5g/L

Wash for 10Min at 70C with Soap (Polyglycolether, Nonionic).

¯  Rinse Warm and Cold.

Remarks:

This will clearly give you good discharge result. I will try to upload photo effects of these discharges. I also tried some other temperatures for drying which was 150 and 180C but, results were not  too good (mean no big change). One can try other oxidizing agent and reducing agent like sodium pryrosulfite (Sodium meta bisulfite), Sodium Hydro sulfite.

Please Note  Thickeners (Including both natural, Synthetic) are not compatible with potassium per manganate and acetic acid. They form jelly and heat is evolved during stirring. So, special thickeners are need for this kind of process. That’s why I used word “Special Thickener”. Still need to look for the chemistry of this special Thickener. If  you are familiar with the chemistry of Special thickener. Comments are welcomed.