As European Union has granted a duty-free access to Pakistan’s textile products with an intention to help the country recover from the effects of massive floods, India is likely to stand against this decision for the reason that, it may make India’s exports to EU uncompetitive.
As this preferential treatment comes into effect from January 2011, several textile items from Pakistan would enjoy duty-free access to all the 27 countries of the EU for the next three years.
Granting of such duty-free access to a particular country is very much opposed to the WTO’s principle of the General Most Favoured Nation Treatment, and thus India is likely to oppose the same.
Though, some of the authorities are of the view that, India’s opposition may not prove to be substantial, because WTO does not have any significant laws or rules to stop any of its members from granting such preferential tariffs, and more so because EU has revealed its intent to solicit relevant waivers.
Further, the WTO is not authorized to interfere in any such matter unless a country implements a measure, like the one involving an import quota, wherein imports from some countries would be allowed while imports from other countries would be restricted.
The only option left with India is to speed up the process of finalizing its preferential trade agreement with EU, so that it too can enjoy duty-free access there.
EU initiated autonomous trade preferences for Pakistan in October on an emergency basis so as to help the country to restore from effects of massive floods in earlier part of the year. It thus granted duty-free access to 75 items from Pakistan, of which 64 were textile items, having an overall import value of around €900 million.
The decision is seen to adversely influence India’s textile export to EU, as Indian products would continue to bear the burden of import duty of around 6 to 12 percent. India exported $5.9 billion worth of textiles to EU in 2009, and Pakistan’s export during the same year stood at $2.2 billion.
source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?News_id=93073
Nov 19, 2010
Studying effect of Salt on the shade.
SUBJ-7:
Studying effect of Salt on the shade.
Chemicals:
Dye, Glauber salt Na2S04. Stock Paste.
Purpose of Salt in Recipe:
Some time a little amount of salt can raise strength to 10%. So, consequently decreasing dye concentration.
Recipe:
Stock paste:
Mild. Oxidizing agent 10 g/Kg
Urea 100g/Kg
Sodium Bicarbonate 25g/Kg
Alginate Thickener 25g/Kg
Glauber Salt` X g/Kg
Water Balance
Total 1 Kg
Dye Glass:
Reactive Red Dye (MCT) 30 g/Kg
Stock paste Balance
Total 1 Kg
Options:
Printing three fabrics with different pastes as per follow.
1. Glauber Salt in stock paste 0g/Kg (Recommended as Standard)
2. Glauber Salt in stock paste 5g/Kg
3. Glauber Salt in stock paste 10g/Kg
4. Glauber Salt in stock paste 15g/Kg
5. Glauber Salt in stock paste 20g/Kg
Nov 18, 2010
A bit Know How About Tetrachloroethylene....Dry Cleaning Agent
Dry Cleaning
Tetrachloroethylene, also known under its systematic name tetrachloroethene and many other names, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a colourless liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics, hence it is sometimes called "dry-cleaning fluid." It has a sweet odor detectable by most people at a concentration of 1 part per million (1 ppm). It finds its abundance use in textile. Textile Laboratory normally uses two gallons per month for testing purposes. International organization for standardization also advises its use in its standard for textile testing in ISO 105 DO1
Health and safety
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified tetrachloroethene as a Group 2A carcinogen, which means that it is probably carcinogenic to humans.Like many chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethene is a central nervous system depressant and can enter the body through respiratory or dermal exposure. Tetrachloroethene dissolves fats from the skin, potentially resulting in skin irritation.
Animal studies and a study of 99 twins by Dr. Samuel Goldman and researchers at the Parkinson's Institute in Sunnyvale, California determined there is a "lot of circumstantial evidence" that exposure to Tetrachloroethlene increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease ninefold. Larger population studies are planned
Testing for exposure
Tetrachloroethene exposure can be evaluated by a breath test, analogous to breath-alcohol measurements. Because it is stored in the body's fat and slowly released into the bloodstream, tetrachloroethene can be detected in the breath for weeks following a heavy exposure. Tetrachloroethylene and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a breakdown product of tetrachloroethene, can be detected in the blood.
Conclusion
Proper handling and safety equipment (Masks, Gloves etc) should be utilized during performing test containing dry cleaning agent Tetrachloroethylene.
Nov 17, 2010
Effect of Urea on shade of fabric, when everything in recipe is one to one.
SUBJ-8:
Effect of Urea on shade of fabric, when everything in recipe is one to one.
Chemicals:
Dye, Stock paste with varying concentration of Urea.
Purpose of UREA:
UREA is hygroscopic agent and absorb water from surrounding during fixation and also help in get level shade.
Recipe:
Stock paste:
Mild. Oxidizing agent 10 g/Kg
Urea Xg/Kg
Sodium Bicarbonate 25g/Kg
Alginate Thickener 25g/Kg
Water Balance
Total 1 Kg
Dye Glass:
Dye 50 g/Kg
Stock paste Balance
Total 1 Kg
Options:
Printing three fabrics with different pastes as per follow.
- UREA in stock paste 80g/Kg
- UREA in stock paste 100g/Kg (Recommended as Standard)
- UREA in stock paste 120g/Kg
Process:
Print and dry at 100-110°C.
Treat with Saturated steam at 102°C for 8 min
Washing:
§ Cold rinse
§ Soap at 60oC With:
1-2 ml/l of Ladipur RSK liq.
§ Hot Rinse
§ Cold Rinse
Result:
Name CMC STRENGTH
Urea 80g/Kg STD STD
Urea 100g/Kg 0.23 102
Urea 120g/Kg 0.42 98
Remarks by AC:
Alternation of UREA specifically does not play critical role in fixation mode if steaming is done properly. Some shades like turquoise need more as much as twice amount of urea.. Urea is also used in pigment printing for limiting formaldehyde contents present in binder and fixing agents.
Studying effect of bicarbonate concentration on reactive printing.
SUBJ-9:
Studying effect of bicarbonate concentration on reactive printing.
Chemicals:
Dye, Stock paste with varying concentration of Bicarbonate.
Purpose of Bicarbonate:
Sodium bicarbonate is mild alkali which provide fixation condition to the dye and substrate when fabric undergoes steaming mode.
Recipe:
Stock paste:
Mild. Oxidizing agent 10 g/Kg
Urea 100g/Kg
Sodium Bicarbonate X g/Kg
Alginate Thickener 25 g/Kg
Water Balance
Total 1 Kg
Dye Glass:
Dye 50 g/Kg
Stock paste Balance
Total 1 Kg
Options:
Printing two fabrics with two different pastes one containing 20g/Kg Bicarbonate and Other containing 25g/Kg(Recommended as Standard).
Process:
Print and dry at 100-110°C.
Treat with Saturated steam at 102°C for 8 min
Washing:
§ Cold rinse
§ Soap at 60oC With:
1-2 ml/l of Ladipur RSK liq.
§ Hot Rinse
§ Cold Rinse
Result:
Name CMC STRENGTH
Sodium Bicarbonate(std) STD STD
25g/Kg
Sodium Bicarbonate 0.87(WARN) 93.41
20g/Kg
Remarks by AC:
With decrease of fixing agent like bicarbonate, can decrease overall strength which is like 7 to 8%, as CMC data color report is clearly showing.
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