Hydrogen peroxide Bleaching.
Hydrogen peroxide is most widely used bleaching agent. Beside the good removal of the seeds, there peroxide bleach delivers a high degree of whiteness, the white effects are stable and do not tend to yellow during storage.
Results expected from hydrogen peroxide bleaching
Degree of whiteness: High degree of whiteness for white goods and pastel shades.
Seed removal : Complete removal of seeds coats.
| Criteria | Hydrogen peroxide | Sodium Chlorite |
| Accelerated Continuous process | Yes | No |
| Applicability by all possible methods, e.g. cold bleach | Yes | No |
| Suitability for natural fiber | Yes | Yes |
| Efficient removal of husks | Yes | Limited |
| High water absorbing power | Yes | NO |
| Odor Irritation | No | YES |
| Corrosion problems(Vessel of resistant material required) | No | Yes |
| Suitability for combination processes (Boiling off/Bleaching) | Yes | No |
| One bath application with brighteners for cellulosic fiber | Yes | Limited |
| Deposits on fabrics and machines | Limited | No |
On the whole, there are so many points in favor of hydrogen peroxide bleaching that it is easy to understand why it so widely used.
Reliability:
Prevention of damage: no or only minimum tendering of the fiber
Levelness: even and stable white for dyed goods.
Reproducibility: bleaching should be consistent in order to avoid shade variations in dyeing and printing.
Economy: low chemical and energy consumption.
For several decades the sodium silicate has been regarded as the best stabilizer for peroxide belching. Apart from its advantages it has got some disadvantages. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of silicate.
Advantages:
Higher stabilizing action on hydrogen peroxide
Excellent alkali buffer capacity
Functions as a protective colloid
Higher degree of whiteness
Better seed removal
Masking of adsorption of heavy metal ions.
Disadvantages of silicate
Formation of poorly soluble alkaline earth silicates
Sensitivity to water hardness
Precipitate on the surface of the bleach solution
Deposit of these precipitates on the goods spots or color resists
Handle impairment
Reduction in absorbency
Cement like layer fumed on rollers and other bleaching machine parts
Blocking of pipes.
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