Effect of Urea on shade of fabric, when everything in recipe is one to one.

SUBJ-8:

Effect of Urea on shade of fabric, when everything in recipe is one to one.

Chemicals:

Dye, Stock paste with varying concentration of  Urea.

Purpose of UREA:

UREA is hygroscopic agent and absorb water from surrounding during fixation and also help in get level shade.

Recipe:

Stock paste:

Mild. Oxidizing agent             10  g/Kg

Urea                                        Xg/Kg

Sodium Bicarbonate               25g/Kg

Alginate Thickener                  25g/Kg

Water                                      Balance

Total                                       1 Kg

Dye Glass:

Dye                                         50  g/Kg

Stock paste                              Balance

Total                                       1 Kg

Options:

Printing three fabrics with  different pastes as per follow.

1. UREA in stock paste 80g/Kg
2. UREA in stock paste 100g/Kg (Recommended as Standard)
3. UREA in stock paste 120g/Kg

Process:

Print and dry at 100-110°C.

Treat with Saturated steam at 102°C for 8 min

Washing:

§     Cold rinse

§     Soap at 60^oC With:

                        1-2 ml/l of Ladipur RSK liq.

§     Hot Rinse

§     Cold Rinse

Result:

Name                                   CMC                    STRENGTH

Urea 80g/Kg                                       STD                             STD

Urea 100g/Kg                                     0.23                             102

Urea 120g/Kg                                     0.42                             98

Remarks by AC:

Alternation of UREA specifically does not play critical role in fixation mode if steaming is done properly. Some shades like turquoise need more as much as twice amount of urea.. Urea is also used in pigment printing for limiting formaldehyde contents present in binder and fixing agents.

Studying effect of bicarbonate concentration on reactive printing.

SUBJ-9:

Studying effect of bicarbonate concentration on reactive printing.

Chemicals:

Dye, Stock paste with varying concentration of Bicarbonate.

Purpose of Bicarbonate:

Sodium bicarbonate is mild alkali which provide fixation condition to the dye and substrate when fabric undergoes steaming mode.

Recipe:

Stock paste:

Mild. Oxidizing agent                10  g/Kg

Urea                                        100g/Kg

Sodium Bicarbonate                 X  g/Kg

Alginate Thickener                   25 g/Kg

Water                                      Balance

Total                                       1 Kg

Dye Glass:

Dye                                         50  g/Kg

Stock paste                              Balance

Total                                       1 Kg

Options:

Printing two fabrics with two different pastes one containing 20g/Kg Bicarbonate and Other containing 25g/Kg(Recommended as Standard).

Process:

Print and dry at 100-110°C.

Treat with Saturated steam  at 102°C for 8 min

Washing:

§     Cold rinse

§     Soap at 60^oC With:

                        1-2 ml/l of Ladipur RSK liq.

§     Hot Rinse

§     Cold Rinse

Result:

Name                                  CMC                    STRENGTH

Sodium Bicarbonate(std)                    STD                             STD

25g/Kg

Sodium Bicarbonate                           0.87(WARN)              93.41

20g/Kg

Remarks by AC:

With decrease of fixing agent like bicarbonate, can decrease overall strength which is like 7 to 8%, as CMC data color report is clearly showing.

Using Screens for different concentration of same dye

Hey, why not to use the same screen for the same dye (say yellow) for two concentrations like 0.3% and 3%

What if I use 0.3% concentration yellow shade and print fabric first and than reuse the same screen for printing 3% shade of same dye without washing...OH ECO Friendly GUY..... by the way saving money...haan!

so, lets start. So, what you did. First you printed all your fabric with low concentration of dye 0.3% and when you ended up you than go for 3% so, whats the big deal?

Result oriented Approach
(so, what actually data color is telling)
CMC: RANGE 0.33 TO 0.60 PASS (NOT BAD REALLY, APPRECIATED WORK)

Strength Difference: Range 5 To 8%
(Ops, So, here you have to put 5% extra on your dye, so ECO FRIENDLY now its up to you....Go for it.) See you.

Revising Chemistry

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (PVOH, PVA, or PVAL) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. Polyvinyl alcohol has excellent film forming, emulsifying, and adhesive properties. It is also resistant to oil, grease andsolvent. It is odorless and nontoxic. It has high tensile strength and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties. However these properties are dependent on humidity, in other words, with higher humidity more water is absorbed. The water, which acts as a plasticiser, will then reduce its tensile strength, but increase its elongation and tear strength. PVA is fully degradable and is a quick dissolver. PVA has a melting point of 230°C and 180–190°C for the fully hydrolysed and partially hydrolysed grades, respectively. It decomposes rapidly above 200°C as it can undergo pyrolysisat high temperatures. PVA is an atactic material but exhibits crystallinity as the hydroxyl groups are small enough to fit into the lattice without disrupting it. ACETATE An acetate (IUPAC name: ethanoate) is either a salt or an ester of acetic acid. Its formula is written both as CH3CO2− and C2H3O2−. Chemists abbreviate acetate as OAc− and AcO−. Thus HOAc is the abbreviation for acetic acid, NaOAc for sodium acetate, and EtOAc for ethyl acetate.[1] Acetate is a common anion in biology. HYDROLYSIS Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen cations (H+) (conventionally referred to as protons) and hydroxideanions (OH−) in the process of a chemical mechanism.[1][2] It is the type of reaction that is used to break down certain polymers, especially those made by step-growth polymerization. Such polymer degradation is usually catalysed by either acid, e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or alkali, e.g., sodium hydroxide(NaOH) attack, often increasing with their strength or pH. Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a certain molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. One fragment of the parent molecule gains a hydrogen ion (H+) from the additional water molecule. The other group collects the remaining hydroxyl group (OH−). The most common hydrolysis occurs when a salt of a weak acid or weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. Water autoionizes into negative hydroxyl ions and positive hydrogen ions. The salt breaks down into positive and negative ions. For example, sodium acetate dissociates in water into sodium and acetate ions. Sodium ions react very little with hydroxyl ions whereas acetate ions combine with hydrogen ions to produce neutral acetic acid, and the net result is a relative excess of hydroxyl ions, causing a basic solution. However, under normal conditions, only a few reactions between water and organic compounds occur. In general, strong acids or bases must be added in order to achieve hydrolysis where water has no effect. The acid or base is considered a catalyst. They are meant to speed up the reaction, but are recovered at the end of it.

Lahore Fashion Week

Dell expressed its commitment to creativity, design and style by joining the colorful activities and fashion ceremonies of the Lahore Fashion Week 2010. Dell's incredibly smart and high-performance notebooks were creatively featured on the catwalk by stunningly attired models during the high-end fashion extravaganza. Pakistan Fashion Week hit the ramps in Lahore from 16th to 19th of February 2010 as passion and creative energy drove all the prominent designers and models to participate in the events. More than 30 prominent Pakistani designers showcased a variety of casual and formal outfits, western wear, jackets and accessories. The Fashion Week 2010 was organized by the Pakistan Fashion Design Council (PFDC), which plans to make it a permanent fixture in the country's social and business calendars. Nubla Iftikhar, Marketing Manager for Dell Consumer and SMB said: 'Dell Consumer and Fashion are intricately woven together and therefore, Dell is proud to be associated with fashion-icon Munib Nawaz and the Lahore Fashion Week. Dell Consumer Notebooks are a form of self-expression. With a vivid color palette to express one's personal style, Dell Inspiron and Studio notebooks make a statement. It is a canvas for people to say a little something about themselves." Dell notebooks were showcased during a fashion show featuring the famous designer Munib Nawaz who presented his Men's wear Collection. The fashion week was a huge success giving a much-needed fillip to the local fashion design industry. Celebrities including Ali Zafar, Mommar Ranna, Iman Ali, Ather Shahzad also attended the event, with the glamorous fashion fraternity coming to support the fashion week, which culminated as a signature fashion event of the city. Following are some of pictures from Lahore Fashion Week. Courtesy: KoolMuzone ©

.
,

Wal-Mart ..A scccess Story

m

Wal-Mart de México said it achieved "solid" results in a "difficult" environment in 2009 with a lift in full-year profits.

For the 12 months to the end of December, Wal-Mart de México earned MXN16.8bn (US$1.29bn), a 15% increase on 2008.

Net sales rose 10.4% to reach MXN269.39bn, while EBITDA amounted to MEX26.91bn, a 13% increase on 2008.

Scot Rank, president and CEO, said: "I feel very proud of the results achieved in 2009. We achieved very solid results in a difficult economic environment and we improved our competitive position for the long term."

The company struck a deal to buy Walmart Centroamerica, a retailer with over 500 stores in five Central American markets, in December.

And in the fourth quarter, net income rose 17% to reach MEX5.74bn, while net sales amounted to MEX80bn, a 10% increase on 2008. EBITDA also rose 10% to reach MEX8.55bn.

Textile sector needs free access to global markets - Expert

Pakistani government should use diplomacy to penetrate world markets, opined Mr. Gohar Ejaz, Chairman of All-Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA). Though the textile industry of Pakistan enjoys apex position across the world, it does not have free access to the international markets. Failure of negotiations on free-trade agreement with the US is unfortunate for the country, he added. It is difficult or country’s textile industry to thrive without acquiring firm stand in the international markets, while industrial expansion has a significant contribution in economic development of any country, said Mr. Ejaz.

Source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=79674

Chemistry in the Pulp and Paper Industry

21 - 22 December 2009

Sankt-Peterburg, Russia

The event format: lectures, presentations, Round Table, information, know-how and experience exchange.

Target audience: technical directors, chief engineers, chief technologists, chief experts in metrology, experts of central laboratories and technical inspection departments, experts of research laboratories of enterprises, technologists, management and experts of instrumentation and automation services, specialists of chemical laboratories, experts in water treatment, ecologists.

The following issues are suggested to be discussed at the Conference:

1. Main directions in development of chemical processes in the pulp and paper industry.

2. Wet End chemistry – new factors and appropriate estimation methods.

3. Secondary fiber deinking and bleaching with up-to-date chemicals.

4. Modern trends in surface treatment.

5. Some aspects of nanotechnologies in the pulp and paper industry.

6. Higher efficiency of chemical aids (with the use of dosing and control systems in particular).

7. Experience in introduction of new chemicals and technologies at pulp and paper mills.

The Registration Fee: 350 €.

Sustainable chemistry for the leather industry

Specialty chemicals group LANXESS is exhibiting a comprehensive range of products at the India International Leather Fair(IILF)in Chennai, India, on January 31 to February 2, 2010. Jürgen Hackenbroich, head of the Asia Pacific region in the Leather business unit, comments: “LANXESS continues to provide the Indian leather industry with premium products for so called ECO leather. Our technologies conserve resources and minimize both the amount of waste generated and the use of critical substances.” Levotan LB reinforces LANXESS’ role as one of the leading suppliers of softening polymer tanning materials, which are increasingly replacing between 55 to 75 percent of the fatliquor offer because of their technical and ecological advantages. New, versatile Levotan LB permits the cost-effective production of shoe and upholstery leather that are lighter, fluffier and softer than conventional fatliquored leather but nevertheless very durable. Levotan C-IN is a dispersing, lightfast anionic polymer retanning material. In combination with replacement syntans and vegetable and resin tanning materials it gives soft and tight leather. Levotan C-IN has good dispersing action and can be combined with vegetable tanning materials. It is highly suitable for milled leather, e.g. bag leather, shoe nappa and garment leather.Levotan C-IN helps to stabilize acrylic polymers and disperses them well, even at low pH values, thus keeping the grain smooth. Use of this product has been shown to considerably reduce the amount of wrinkling on different raw materials, thereby increasing the cutting yield. New Tanigan VR-IN combines all the advantages of modern chemistry with those of a vegetable tanning material. Because of its extremely well-balanced property profile, Tanigan VR-IN can be used to replace some or even all of the vegetable tanning materials in the retannage, depending upon the raw material quality. Compared with certain vegetable tanning materials, this sulfone-based synthetic organic tanning material has outstanding heat resistance and lightfastness properties and a pale, neutral color giving a brilliant dyeing. It also gives excellent filling and embossing characteristics. At IILF, LANXESS will launch its sulphon based retanning agents Tanigan BN-IN, Tanigan HO-IN, and Tanigan 3LN-IN. All these syntans contain low formaldehyde (HCHO): Tanigan BN-IN is a replacement tanning material for the tannage and retannage of very soft and full leather. Tanigan HO-IN, a versatile, lightfast and very good filling replacement syntan, is very suitable for the retannage of chrome leather and the tannage of chrome-free leather. It can be used as a sole tanning material or in combination. Tanigan 3LN-IN is a lightfast replacement tanning material with excellent resistance to heat yellowing for the tannage of white leather and for the retannage of chrome leather. It can also be used for colored nappa leather because of the good dyeing properties.

Instant Ice..what a chemistry